The Fascinating Story Of Who Is On The $20 Bill

The $20 bill is one of the most commonly used denominations in the United States currency system. It is a staple in wallets, cash registers, and ATMs across the country. Many people might not think twice about whose face graces this piece of currency, but the individual honored on this bill has a rich history and an impactful legacy. This article delves into the life and times of Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States, who is currently featured on the $20 bill. We'll explore his biography, his role as a president, and why he was chosen to be on the $20 bill, alongside ongoing discussions about potential changes to the bill's design.

Andrew Jackson's presence on the $20 bill is the result of a decision made in 1928, when the United States Treasury Department decided to replace Grover Cleveland's portrait with that of Jackson. This decision was influenced by Jackson's status as a war hero and his significant contributions to shaping the America we know today. However, the choice has not been without controversy due to Jackson's complex legacy, including his policies toward Native Americans and his staunch support of slavery. Understanding why Jackson was chosen and the debates surrounding him gives us a deeper insight into American history and the values that currency represents.

In addition to exploring Andrew Jackson's life and legacy, this article will also address the broader context of currency design in the United States. We'll look at who decides whose portrait appears on currency, the historical significance of these choices, and the ongoing discussions about potential changes to the $20 bill. This includes the proposal to feature Harriet Tubman, a prominent abolitionist, which has sparked conversations about representation and historical recognition. As we embark on this journey, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of both the individual featured on the $20 bill and the broader implications of currency design.

Table of Contents

• Biography of Andrew Jackson
• Early Life and Education
• Military Career and Rise to Prominence
• Andrew Jackson's Presidency
• Jackson's Political Ideologies
• Controversies and Criticisms
• The Decision to Place Jackson on the $20 Bill
• The Impact of Jackson on American Currency
• Current Discussions and Proposals
• Harriet Tubman and the Debate Over the $20 Bill
• Currency Design and Symbolism
• The Role of the US Treasury in Currency Design
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Conclusion

Biography of Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws region, which straddles the border between North and South Carolina. His early life was marked by hardship, as his father died shortly before his birth, leaving his mother to raise him and his two brothers in relative poverty. Jackson's formative years were shaped by the turbulence of the American Revolutionary War, during which he was captured by the British at the age of 13. These experiences instilled in him a fierce sense of patriotism and a lifelong distrust of Britain.

Jackson received limited formal education, but his ambition and determination propelled him into the field of law. He moved to Tennessee, where he quickly established himself as a successful lawyer and landowner. His charisma and reputation as a formidable dueler and fighter helped him gain influence in the region. By his mid-20s, Jackson had entered politics, serving as a delegate to Tennessee's constitutional convention and later as the state's first congressman and senator.

Jackson's marriage to Rachel Donelson was a pivotal moment in his personal life. Their union was marred by controversy due to a misunderstanding regarding her previous marriage, which led to accusations of bigamy that haunted Jackson throughout his public life. Despite this, the couple remained devoted to each other until Rachel's death in 1828, just weeks before Jackson assumed the presidency.

Jackson's rise to national prominence was fueled by his military achievements, particularly his leadership during the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. This victory turned him into a national hero and earned him the nickname "Old Hickory" for his toughness and resilience. His military successes laid the groundwork for his political career, culminating in his election as the seventh president of the United States in 1828.

Jackson's presidency was marked by significant and sometimes controversial decisions, including his stance against the national bank and his enforcement of the Indian Removal Act, which led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes. His legacy is a complex one, characterized by both democratic advancements and policies that have been criticized for their impact on marginalized groups.

Early Life and Education

Andrew Jackson's early life was defined by the challenges and opportunities of the American frontier. Born to Irish immigrant parents, he grew up in a region that was still very much a frontier, with limited access to formal education and infrastructure. Despite these challenges, Jackson's mother, Elizabeth, recognized the importance of education and instilled in him a deep appreciation for learning and self-reliance.

Jackson's education was sporadic and largely self-directed. He attended a local school for a short period but was primarily self-taught, reading law books and other educational materials on his own. His early exposure to the law came through an apprenticeship with prominent lawyers in Salisbury, North Carolina. This experience laid the foundation for his legal career and helped him develop the skills necessary to navigate the legal and political landscapes of the time.

Jackson's youth was also shaped by the American Revolutionary War. At the tender age of 13, he joined the local militia and served as a courier. His experiences during the war, including being captured and mistreated by British soldiers, had a profound impact on him, fostering a lifelong sense of patriotism and a deep-seated animosity towards Britain. These formative experiences were instrumental in shaping his character and his future political and military endeavors.

After the war, Jackson pursued a career in law, moving to the western part of North Carolina, which later became Tennessee. The region offered new opportunities for ambitious young men like Jackson, who quickly established himself as a successful lawyer and land speculator. His legal acumen, combined with his charismatic personality and fearless demeanor, earned him a reputation as a formidable figure in the region. By the time he was 21, Jackson had become a prominent member of the Tennessee legal community and was well on his way to a career in politics.

Military Career and Rise to Prominence

Andrew Jackson's military career was a significant factor in his rise to national prominence. His service during the War of 1812, particularly his leadership in the Battle of New Orleans, cemented his status as a national hero and propelled him into the political spotlight. Jackson's military exploits showcased his strategic acumen, bravery, and ability to inspire and lead men in battle.

In the early years of his military career, Jackson served as a colonel in the Tennessee militia. His early campaigns against Native American tribes in the southeastern United States were marked by strategic success and brutal tactics. These campaigns, part of the broader effort to expand American territory, further solidified his reputation as a tough and effective military leader.

The Battle of New Orleans was the defining moment of Jackson's military career. In January 1815, he led a diverse army of soldiers, frontiersmen, and even pirates to a decisive victory against a much larger and better-equipped British force. This victory, achieved despite overwhelming odds, made Jackson a national hero and earned him widespread acclaim across the United States. The battle also marked the end of the War of 1812, reinforcing Jackson's image as a patriotic defender of American sovereignty.

Jackson's military success had significant political implications. It catapulted him into the national spotlight and laid the groundwork for his future political career. His reputation as a war hero and a man of the people made him an appealing candidate for the presidency, and he capitalized on this popularity to launch his political career. In 1824, he ran for president, winning the popular vote but losing in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams. Undeterred, Jackson ran again in 1828 and won a decisive victory, becoming the seventh president of the United States.

Andrew Jackson's Presidency

Andrew Jackson's presidency was marked by a mix of populism, controversy, and significant policy changes that reshaped the United States. His two terms in office, from 1829 to 1837, were characterized by a commitment to expanding democracy and empowering the "common man" while also implementing policies that have been criticized for their impact on marginalized groups.

One of the cornerstones of Jackson's presidency was his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson believed that the bank wielded too much power and favored the wealthy elite at the expense of ordinary Americans. In a controversial move, he vetoed the recharter of the bank and withdrew federal deposits, effectively dismantling the institution. This action was part of his broader effort to decentralize economic power and promote a more egalitarian economic system.

Jackson's presidency also saw the implementation of the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River. This policy, driven by the desire to open up land for white settlers, led to the infamous "Trail of Tears," during which thousands of Native Americans perished. While Jackson justified the policy as a means of preserving Native American cultures by removing them from encroaching settlers, it remains one of the most criticized aspects of his presidency.

Despite these controversies, Jackson's presidency also brought about significant democratic reforms. He championed the expansion of suffrage to all white men, regardless of property ownership, and advocated for greater public participation in government. His commitment to the principles of democracy and popular sovereignty resonated with many Americans, earning him the moniker "the People's President."

Jackson's presidency was also marked by his use of the presidential veto power. He wielded this authority more frequently than his predecessors, using it to block legislation he deemed unconstitutional or contrary to the interests of the American people. This assertive use of executive power set a precedent for future presidents and solidified Jackson's reputation as a strong and decisive leader.

Jackson's Political Ideologies

Andrew Jackson's political ideologies were shaped by his belief in the principles of democracy, populism, and a limited federal government. His vision of democracy was centered on the empowerment of the "common man" and the expansion of political participation to a broader segment of the population. Jackson's political philosophy was influenced by his own experiences as a self-made man and his deep-seated distrust of entrenched elites and institutions that he believed wielded excessive power.

One of the key tenets of Jackson's political ideology was his commitment to the principle of popular sovereignty. He believed that the government should be accountable to the people and that political power should be decentralized to reflect the will of the majority. This belief was reflected in his efforts to dismantle the Second Bank of the United States, which he viewed as a tool of the wealthy elite that undermined the democratic process.

Jackson's populist approach to politics also extended to his economic policies. He championed the rights of laborers and small farmers, advocating for policies that promoted economic opportunity and upward mobility for ordinary Americans. His opposition to the national bank and his support for the use of hard currency over paper money were driven by his belief in economic fairness and his desire to protect the interests of the working class.

Despite his commitment to democratic principles, Jackson's political ideologies were also marked by contradictions and controversies. His support for the Indian Removal Act and his staunch defense of slavery have been criticized for undermining the very principles of liberty and equality that he claimed to champion. These aspects of his legacy reflect the complexities and contradictions of his political beliefs, which continue to be the subject of debate and analysis.

Jackson's political ideologies also had a lasting impact on the Democratic Party, which he helped to shape during his presidency. His emphasis on populism, states' rights, and limited government became defining characteristics of the party and influenced its trajectory for decades to come. Jackson's legacy as a champion of the "common man" and a defender of democratic principles remains an integral part of the Democratic Party's identity.

Controversies and Criticisms

Andrew Jackson's legacy is a complex one, marked by both significant achievements and deep controversies. His presidency and policies have been the subject of intense scrutiny and debate, with critics highlighting aspects of his tenure that have had lasting and often negative impacts.

One of the most significant controversies associated with Jackson is his implementation of the Indian Removal Act. This policy led to the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River. The resulting "Trail of Tears" was a tragic and devastating event, causing immense suffering and loss of life among the displaced tribes. Jackson's actions have been widely criticized for their disregard of Native American rights and sovereignty, and the policy remains a dark chapter in American history.

Jackson's staunch support of slavery is another aspect of his legacy that has drawn criticism. As a slave owner, he defended the institution of slavery and opposed efforts to abolish it. His views on race and slavery have been condemned for perpetuating systemic racism and inequality, and they stand in stark contrast to his democratic ideals of liberty and equality.

Jackson's use of executive power, particularly his frequent use of the presidential veto, has also been the source of controversy. While his assertive leadership style appealed to many, critics argue that his actions set a dangerous precedent for the expansion of executive power and undermined the system of checks and balances established by the Constitution.

Despite these controversies, Jackson's presidency also brought about significant democratic reforms and expanded political participation for many Americans. His legacy is a testament to the complexities and contradictions of American history, reflecting both the nation's ideals and its failures. As such, Jackson's impact on the United States continues to be a subject of discussion and debate among historians, scholars, and the public.

The Decision to Place Jackson on the $20 Bill

The decision to place Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill was made in 1928, as part of a broader redesign of U.S. currency by the Treasury Department. Prior to Jackson's appearance on the bill, the $20 denomination featured a portrait of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. The change was part of an effort to standardize the design of U.S. currency and to honor historical figures who had made significant contributions to the nation.

Jackson was chosen for the $20 bill because of his status as a national hero and his role as a transformative figure in American history. His military successes, particularly at the Battle of New Orleans, and his presidency, which was marked by significant democratic reforms, were seen as fitting qualifications for this honor. The decision was also influenced by the broader cultural and historical context of the time, which celebrated Jackson as a champion of the "common man" and a defender of American sovereignty.

However, the choice to feature Jackson on the $20 bill has not been without controversy. Critics argue that his policies, particularly the Indian Removal Act and his support of slavery, make him an inappropriate figure to be honored on U.S. currency. These criticisms have fueled ongoing discussions about whether Jackson's legacy aligns with modern American values and whether his portrait should be replaced with that of another historical figure who better represents the nation's ideals of liberty and equality.

Despite these debates, Jackson's presence on the $20 bill has endured for nearly a century. His image has become a familiar and iconic part of American currency, serving as a reminder of his complex and multifaceted legacy. As discussions about currency design and representation continue, the decision to feature Jackson on the $20 bill remains a significant and contested aspect of American cultural and historical identity.

The Impact of Jackson on American Currency

Andrew Jackson's impact on American currency extends beyond his presence on the $20 bill. His economic policies and views on banking and currency have had a lasting influence on the nation's financial system and its approach to monetary policy.

Jackson's opposition to the Second Bank of the United States was one of the most significant economic decisions of his presidency. His belief that the bank wielded excessive power and favored the wealthy elite led him to veto its recharter and withdraw federal deposits, effectively dismantling the institution. This decision had far-reaching implications for the American economy, leading to a period of financial instability and contributing to the Panic of 1837, a severe economic downturn that occurred shortly after Jackson left office.

Jackson's distrust of centralized banking and his support for the use of hard currency over paper money were driven by his desire to promote economic fairness and protect the interests of ordinary Americans. His actions set a precedent for future debates about the role of government in the economy and the balance between centralized and decentralized financial systems.

Despite the controversies surrounding his economic policies, Jackson's legacy on American currency remains a significant part of his impact on the nation. His presence on the $20 bill serves as a reminder of his complex and multifaceted contributions to American history and the ongoing debates about the values and ideals that currency represents.

Current Discussions and Proposals

In recent years, discussions and proposals about the design of the $20 bill have gained significant attention. These discussions are part of a broader conversation about representation and historical recognition on U.S. currency and the need to reflect a more inclusive and diverse range of historical figures.

One of the most prominent proposals for redesigning the $20 bill involves replacing Andrew Jackson's portrait with that of Harriet Tubman, a renowned abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad. This proposal gained momentum during the Obama administration, with plans to unveil a new design featuring Tubman in 2020, coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote.

While the proposal was met with widespread support, it has also faced delays and challenges. The Trump administration put the redesign on hold, citing security and technical issues, but the Biden administration has expressed renewed interest in moving forward with the plan. The proposal to feature Tubman on the $20 bill has sparked important conversations about representation, historical recognition, and the values that currency should reflect.

These discussions are part of a broader movement to reevaluate the figures honored on U.S. currency and to ensure that they represent the diversity and complexity of American history. As debates about the $20 bill continue, the proposal to feature Harriet Tubman serves as a powerful symbol of the ongoing efforts to acknowledge and celebrate the contributions of historically marginalized groups.

Harriet Tubman and the Debate Over the $20 Bill

The proposal to feature Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill has been a significant focal point in the debate over currency design and representation. Tubman, who was born into slavery and became a leading figure in the abolitionist movement, is celebrated for her bravery and dedication to the fight for freedom and equality.

Tubman's legacy as a conductor of the Underground Railroad, where she led dozens of enslaved individuals to freedom, has made her an iconic figure in American history. Her contributions to the abolitionist movement and her advocacy for women's rights have earned her widespread admiration and recognition as a symbol of courage and resilience.

The proposal to feature Tubman on the $20 bill reflects a broader effort to recognize and honor the contributions of African Americans and women to the nation's history. It represents a shift towards a more inclusive and diverse representation of historical figures on U.S. currency, acknowledging the critical role that marginalized groups have played in shaping the nation.

While the proposal has garnered significant support, it has also sparked debate about the criteria for selecting individuals to be featured on currency and the values that these choices reflect. Proponents argue that Tubman's inclusion on the $20 bill would send a powerful message about the nation's commitment to equality and justice, while critics contend that historical figures should be evaluated based on their contributions to the nation as a whole.

As discussions about the $20 bill continue, the proposal to feature Harriet Tubman serves as a catalyst for important conversations about representation, historical recognition, and the evolving values of American society. The outcome of these debates will have implications not only for the design of the $20 bill but also for the broader narrative of American history and identity.

Currency Design and Symbolism

The design and symbolism of currency play a crucial role in shaping national identity and reflecting the values and ideals of a nation. In the United States, currency design is a carefully considered process that involves historical recognition, artistic expression, and security considerations.

Currency design in the United States is overseen by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The design process involves collaboration between artists, engravers, and historical experts to create currency that is both visually appealing and representative of the nation's history and values.

The symbolism of currency extends beyond the individuals featured on the bills. It includes the use of imagery, motifs, and inscriptions that convey messages about the nation's identity and ideals. For example, the use of the Great Seal of the United States, the depiction of iconic landmarks, and the inclusion of phrases such as "In God We Trust" are all elements that contribute to the symbolic meaning of U.S. currency.

The choice of historical figures to feature on currency is a significant aspect of the design process. These individuals are selected based on their contributions to the nation and their alignment with the values and ideals that the currency seeks to represent. The selection process involves careful consideration of historical significance, public input, and cultural context.

The ongoing discussions about the $20 bill and the proposal to feature Harriet Tubman highlight the dynamic nature of currency design and the importance of representation in shaping national identity. As the nation continues to evolve, the design and symbolism of currency will play a critical role in reflecting the diverse and complex history of the United States.

The Role of the US Treasury in Currency Design

The U.S. Department of the Treasury plays a central role in the design and issuance of currency in the United States. As the federal agency responsible for managing the nation's finances, the Treasury oversees the production, design, and distribution of currency and ensures that it meets the highest standards of security and quality.

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, a division of the Treasury, is responsible for the actual production of currency. This involves printing and engraving the bills, incorporating security features, and ensuring that the currency is both durable and resistant to counterfeiting. The Bureau also works closely with the Federal Reserve, which distributes the currency to banks and financial institutions across the country.

The design of currency is a collaborative process that involves input from various stakeholders, including artists, engravers, historians, and public officials. The Treasury's role is to oversee this process and ensure that the design reflects the nation's history, values, and identity. This includes selecting the historical figures and symbols to feature on the currency and incorporating security features to protect against counterfeiting.

The Treasury also plays a key role in responding to public input and feedback about currency design. This includes considering proposals for redesigning currency, such as the proposal to feature Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill, and engaging with the public to gather input and perspectives on these proposals.

As the nation continues to evolve, the Treasury's role in currency design will remain critical in ensuring that the currency reflects the diverse and dynamic history of the United States. The ongoing discussions about the $20 bill highlight the importance of this role and the need for currency design to adapt to the changing values and ideals of American society.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Who is currently on the $20 bill?

A1: As of now, Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States, is featured on the $20 bill.

Q2: Why was Andrew Jackson chosen to be on the $20 bill?

A2: Andrew Jackson was chosen for the $20 bill due to his status as a national hero, particularly for his military successes, and his role as a transformative figure in American history.

Q3: What are the controversies surrounding Andrew Jackson's legacy?

A3: Jackson's legacy is controversial due to his implementation of the Indian Removal Act, which led to the forced relocation of Native Americans, and his staunch support of slavery.

Q4: Who is proposed to replace Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill?

A4: There is a proposal to replace Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman, a renowned abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad, on the $20 bill.

Q5: What is the process for changing the design of U.S. currency?

A5: The design of U.S. currency is overseen by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, with input from artists, engravers, historians, and public officials. The U.S. Department of the Treasury manages the overall process.

Q6: When will the redesigned $20 bill featuring Harriet Tubman be released?

A6: The timeline for the release of the redesigned $20 bill featuring Harriet Tubman is uncertain, but the Biden administration has expressed interest in moving forward with the plan.

Conclusion

Andrew Jackson's presence on the $20 bill is a testament to his complex and multifaceted legacy as a national hero, a transformative political figure, and a controversial leader. His portrait on this widely-used denomination serves as a reminder of both his significant contributions to American history and the ongoing debates about the values and ideals that currency represents.

The proposal to feature Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill highlights the evolving nature of representation and historical recognition in the United States. As the nation continues to grapple with its history and strive for a more inclusive and diverse narrative, discussions about currency design will play a critical role in reflecting the changing values and identity of American society.

As we look to the future, the story of who is on the $20 bill serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of acknowledging and honoring the diverse contributions of individuals who have shaped the nation's history. The outcome of these discussions will not only impact the design of the $20 bill but also contribute to the broader narrative of American identity and the values that define it.

For more insights on historical figures featured on currency and their impact on American culture, readers can visit the U.S. Department of the Treasury's official website for detailed information and updates on current and future currency designs.